chore: strip pre-fork version comments across 72 files

Removes standalone "// v0.X.X:" comment lines and inline trailing
version annotations. Keeps version references in config field docs
and compatibility notes where they describe requirements.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/store/settings_cascade.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package store
 
-// settings_cascade.go — v0.2.0
+// settings_cascade.go
 //
 // Pure functions for three-tier settings resolution:
 //   global (admin) → team → user